| Water |
| Carbohydrates (energy source) |
| Lactose |
| Oligosaccharides (see below) |
| Carboxylic acid |
| Alpha hydroxy acid |
| Lactic acid |
| Proteins (building muscles and bones) |
| Whey protein |
| Alpha-lactalbumin |
| HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumour cells) |
| Lactoferrin |
| Many antimicrobial factors (see below) |
| Casein |
| Serum albumin |
| Non-protein nitrogens |
| Creatine |
| Creatinine |
| Urea |
| Uric acid |
| Peptides (see below) |
| Amino Acids (the building blocks of proteins) |
| Alanine |
| Arginine |
| Aspartate |
| Clycine |
| Cystine |
| Glutamate |
| Histidine |
| Isoleucine |
| Leucine |
| Lycine |
| Methionine |
| Phenylalanine |
| Proline |
| Serine |
| Taurine |
| Uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-hexosamine (UDPAH) |
| Uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) |
| Several more novel nucleotides of the UDP type |
| Fats |
| Triglycerides |
| Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (important for brain development) |
| Arachidonic acid (AHA) (important for brain development) |
| Linoleic acid |
| Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) |
| Conjugated linoleic acid (Rumenic acid) |
| Free Fatty Acids |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids |
| Oleic acid |
| Palmitoleic acid |
| Heptadecenoic acid |
| Saturated fatty acids |
| Stearic |
| Palmitic acid |
| Lauric acid |
| Myristic acid |
| Phospholipids |
| Phosphatidylcholine |
| Phosphatidylethanolamine |
| Phosphatidylinositol |
| Lysophosphatidylcholine |
| Lysophosphatidylethanolamine |
| Plasmalogens |
| Sphingolipids |
| Sphingomyelin |
| Gangliosides |
| GM1 |
| GM2 |
| GM3 |
| Glucosylceramide |
| Glycosphingolipids |
| Galactosylceramide |
| Theronine |
| Tryptophan |
| Tyrosine |
| Valine |
| Carnitine (amino acid compound necessary to make use of fatty acids as an energy source) |
| Nucleotides (chemical compounds that are the structural units of RNA and DNA) |
| 5’-Adenosine monophosphate (5”-AMP) |
| 3’:5’-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3’:5’-cyclic AMP) |
| 5’-Cytidine monophosphate (5’-CMP) |
| Cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP choline) |
| Guanosine diphosphate (UDP) |
| Guanosine diphosphate - mannose |
| 3’- Uridine monophosphate (3’-UMP) |
| 5’-Uridine monophosphate (5’-UMP) |
| Uridine diphosphate (UDP) |
| Uridine diphosphate hexose (UDPH) |
| Lactosylceramide |
| Globotriaosylceramide (GB3) |
| Globoside (GB4) |
| Sterols |
| Squalene |
| Lanosterol |
| Dimethylsterol |
| Methosterol |
| Lathosterol |
| Desmosterol |
| Triacylglycerol |
| Cholesterol |
| 7-dehydrocholesterol |
| Stigma-and campesterol |
| 7-ketocholesterol |
| Sitosterol |
| β-lathosterol |
| Vitamin D metabolites |
| Steroid hormones |
| Vitamins |
| Vitamin A |
| Beta carotene |
| Vitamin B6 |
| Vitamin B8 (Inositol) |
| Vitamin B12 |
| Vitamin C |
| Vitamin D |
| Vitamin E |
| a-Tocopherol |
| Vitamin K |
| Thiamine |
| Riboflavin |
| Niacin |
| Folic acid |
| Pantothenic acid |
| Biotin |
| Minerals |
| Calcium |
| Sodium |
| Potassium |
| Iron |
| Zinc |
| Chloride |
| Phosphorus |
| Magnesium |
| Copper |
| Manganese |
| Iodine |
| Selenium |
| Choline |
| Sulpher |
| Chromium |
| Cobalt |
| Fluorine |
| Nickel |
| Metal |
| Molybdenum (essential element in many enzymes) |
| Growth Factors (aid in the maturation of the intestinal lining) |
| Cytokines |
| interleukin-1β (IL-1β) |
| IL-2 |
| IL-4 |
| IL-6 |
| IL-8 |
| IL-10 |
| Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) |
| Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) |
| Platelet derived growth factors (PDGF) |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) |
| Hepatocyte growth factor -α (HGF-α) |
| HGF-β |
| Tumor necrosis factor-α |
| Interferon-γ |
| Epithelial growth factor (EGF) |
| Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) |
| TGF β1 |
| TGF-β2 |
| Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (also known as somatomedin C) |
| Insulin-like growth factor- II |
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) |
| Erythropoietin |
| Peptides (combinations of amino acids) |
| HMGF I (Human growth factor) |
| HMGF II |
| HMGF III |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) |
| β-endorphins |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) |
| β-defensin-1 |
| Calcitonin |
| Gastrin |
| Motilin |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (also known as thyrotropin) |
| Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) |
| Bombesin (gastric releasing peptide, also known as neuromedin |
| Neurotensin |
| Somatostatin |
| Hormones (chemical messengers that carry signals from one cell, or group of cells, to another via the blood) |
| Cortisol |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) |
| Thyroxine (T4) |
| Prolactin |
| Oxytocin |
| Insulin |
| Corticosterone |
| Thrombopoietin |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
| GRH |
| Leptin (aids in regulation of food intake) |
| Ghrelin (aids in regulation of food intake) |
| Adiponectin |
| Feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) |
| Eicosanoids |
| Prostaglandins (enzymatically derived from fatty acids) |
| PG-E1 |
| PG-E2 |
| PG-F2 |
| Leukotrienes |
| Thromboxanes |
| Prostacyclins |
| Enzymes (catalysts that support chemical reactions in the body) |
| Amylase |
| Arysulfatase |
| Catalase |
| Histaminase |
| Lipase |
| Lysozyme |
| PAF-acetylhydrolase |
| Phosphatase |
| Xanthine oxidase |
| Antiproteases |
| a-1-antitrypsin |
| Basophils |
| Neutrophils |
| Eoisinophils |
| Macrophages |
| Lymphocytes |
| B lymphocytes (also known as B cells) |
| T lymphocytes (also known as C cells) |
| sIgA (Secretory immunoglobulin A) (the most important antiinfective factor) |
| IgA2 |
| IgG |
| IgD |
| IgM |
| IgE |
| Complement C1 |
| Complement C2 |
| Complement C3 |
| Complement C4 |
| Complement C5 |
| Complement C6 |
| Complement C7 |
| Complement C8 |
| Complement C9 |
| Glycoproteins |
| Mucins (attaches to bacteria and viruses to prevent them from clinging to mucousal tissues) |
| Lactadherin |
| Alpha-lactoglobulin |
| Alpha-2 macroglobulin |
| Lewis antigens |
| Ribonuclease |
| Haemagglutinin inhibitors |
| Bifidus Factor (increases growth of Lactobacillus bifidus - which is a good bacteria) |
| Lactoferrin (binds to iron which prevents harmful bacteria from using the iron to grow) |
| Lactoperoxidase |
| B12 binding protein (deprives microorganisms of vitamin B12) |
| Fibronectin (makes phagocytes more aggressive, minimizes inflammation, and repairs damage caused by inflammation) |
| Oligosaccharides (more than 200 different kinds!) |
| a-1-antichymotrypsin |
| Antimicrobial factors |
| Leukocytes (white blood cells) |
| Phagocytes |